Facts About ARM's, Adjustable Rate Mortgages  What is an ARM?
An Adjustable Rate Mortgage, called an ARM for short, is a mortgage with an interest rate that is linked to an economic index. The interest rate, and your payments, are periodically adjusted up or down as the index fluctuates.
ARM Terminology
Index
An index ia a guide that lenders use to measure interest rate changes. Common indexes used by lenders include the activity of one, three, and five-year Treasury securities, but there are many others. Each ARM is linked to a specific index.
Margin
Think of the margin as the lender's markup. It is an interest rate that represents their cost of doing business plus the profit they will make on the loan. The margin is added to the index rate to determine your total interest rate. It usually stays the same during the life of the loan.
Adjustment Period
The adjustment period is the period between potential interest adjustments.
• You may see an ARM described with figures such as 1-1, 3-1, and 5-1.
The first figure in each set refers to the initial period of the loan, during which your
interest rate will be the same as it was on the day of closing.
• The second number is the adjustment period, showing how often adjustments can be
made to the rate after the initial period has ended. The examples above are all ARMs
with annual adjustments.
If my payments can go up, why should I consider an ARM?
The initial interest rate for an ARM is lower than that of a fixed rate mortgage, where the interest rate remains the same during the life of the loan. A lower rate means lower payments, which might help you qualify for a larger loan.
More ARM Considerations
• How long do you plan to own the house? The possibility of higher rates isn't as much
of a factor if you plan to be in the home for a relatively short time.
• Do you expect your income to increase? If so, the extra funds might cover the higher
payments that result from rate increases.
• Some ARMs can be converted to a fixed-rate mortgage. However, conversion fees may
be high enough to take away all of the savings you saw with the initial lower rate.
• While you can't dictate which index a lender uses, you can choose a lender based on
the index that will apply to your loan. Ask how each index used has performed in the
past. Your goal is to find a loan linked to one that has remained fairly stable.
• When comparing lenders, consider both the index and the margin rate being offered.
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Definitions
- Mortgage amount
- Original or expected balance for your mortgage. Taxpayers can deduct the interest paid on first and second mortgages up to $1,000,000 in mortgage debt (the limit is $500,000 if married and filing separately). Any interest paid on first or second mortgages over this amount is not tax deductible. Home equity loans are limited to $100,000 or the amount of equity you have in your home. Our calculator limits your interest deduction to the interest payment that would be paid on a $1,000,000 mortgage.
- Interest rate
- Annual interest rate for this mortgage.
- Interest rate after taxes
- Annual effective interest rate after taxes are taken into account. Please note that in addition to the $1,000,000 mortgage debt limit, this calculator assumes that your itemized deductions will exceed the standard deduction for your income tax filing status. If your itemized deductions don't exceed your standard deduction, the benefit of deducting the interest on your home will be reduced or eliminated. For 2002 the standard deductions were $7,850 for married couples filing jointly, $3,925 for married couples filing separately, $4,700 for singles, and $6,900 for heads of household. You should also be aware that the total tax savings may be less for higher incomes that have their allowable itemized deductions phased out.
- Term in years
- The number of years over which you will repay this loan. The most common mortgage terms are 15 years and 30 years.
- Monthly payment
- Monthly principal and interest payment (PI).
- Federal tax rate:
- The marginal federal tax rate you expect to pay.
- State tax rate:
- The marginal state tax rate you expect to pay.
- Annual Percentage Rate (APR)
- A standard calculation used by lenders. It is designed to help borrowers compare different loan options. For example, a loan with a lower stated interest rate may be a bad value if its fees are too high. Likewise, a loan with a higher stated rate with very low fees could be an exceptional value. APR calculations incorporate these fees into a single rate. You can then compare loans with different fees, rates or different terms.
- APR after taxes
- Annual percentage rate after taxes are taken into account. Unlike your after-tax interest rate, the APR after taxes takes closing costs into account.
- Loan origination percent
- The percent of your loan charged as a loan origination fee. For example, a 1% fee on a $120,000 loan would cost $1,200.
- Discount points
- Total number of "points" purchased to reduce your mortgage's interest rate. Each "point" costs 1% of your loan amount. As long as the points paid are not a broker's commission, they are considered tax deductible in the year that they were paid.
- Other fees
- Any other fees that should be included in the APR calculation. These fees can vary by lender, but at a minimum usually includes prepaid interest.
The mortgage calculators are provided by KJE Computer Solutions, LLC and made available to NUMBER1EXPERT as self-help tools for your independent use and are not intended to provide investment advice. We can't guarantee their applicability or accuracy in regards to your individual circumstances. All examples are hypothetical and are for illustrative purposes. We encourage you to seek personalized advice from qualified professionals regarding all personal finance issues.
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